How do I switch from formula to cow's milk?
At 12 months, gradually transition from formula to whole milk over 1-2 weeks. Offer 16-20 oz (475-590 ml) of whole milk daily in a cup (not bottle). Mix milk with formula initially if baby resists. Keep offering - it may take several tries. Talk to your doctor if baby refuses all milk or has potential dairy allergy signs.
My baby isn't walking yet - is that okay?
Yes - the normal range for first steps is 12-18 months. Many babies don't walk until 14-15 months. As long as baby is pulling to stand and cruising, they're on track. Talk to your doctor if baby isn't pulling up or bearing weight by 15 months.
What happens at the 12-month checkup?
Measurements (height, weight, head), developmental screening, vaccines (MMR, varicella, Hepatitis A, Hib/PCV boosters), and blood test (anemia and lead screening via finger prick). Side effects like fever or crankiness are common for 24-48 hours. Call your doctor if fever exceeds 102°F (38.9°C) or baby has severe reaction.
Can my baby eat honey, peanut butter, and other foods now?
Yes! At 12 months, honey is safe (botulism risk is gone). Continue offering common allergens like peanut butter (thinned out), eggs, dairy, fish, shellfish. Still avoid: choking hazards (whole grapes, hot dogs, hard candy, popcorn, whole nuts), added salt/sugar, unpasteurized foods.
How do I wean from bottles?
At 12 months, start transitioning from bottles to cups. Go cold turkey or gradually replace one bottle at a time with cup (bedtime bottle usually last). Offer milk only at meals and snacks, water throughout the day. AAP recommends all bottles gone by 15-18 months to prevent dental issues.
Is my baby saying enough words?
At 12 months, 1-3 words besides "mama" and "dada" is typical, but some babies don't have words until 15 months. Focus on: does baby understand simple commands, respond to their name, use gestures (pointing, waving), and attempt to communicate? Talk to your doctor if baby has no words, no gestures, and doesn't respond to name by 15 months.
My baby isn't waving, clapping, or pointing - should I be concerned?
These gestures typically emerge 9-14 months. If baby has at least one gesture by 12 months plus babbling and responds to their name, they're likely fine. Talk to your doctor if baby has no gestures, no babbling, and doesn't respond to name by 12 months - these could indicate communication delays.
